The Effect of Smoking on the Thyroid Gland Tissue, an Experiment Study on Thyroid Gland Tissues on Bulbs Mice

Abstract

Background: To investigate the harmful effects of cigarette smoking on thyroid tissue, focusing on both the functional and structural impacts. By examining data from human participants and utilizing an experimental model with bulb mice. Despite existing studies indicating a potential link between cigarette smoking and thyroid dysfunction, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the specific harmful effects of smoking on thyroid tissue. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the harmful effects of cigarette smoking on thyroid tissue. To investigate the histological effects of smoking on thyroid tissue. to analyze the relationship between the collected participant data (demographics, smoking habits) and the histological and hormonal findings in bulb mice. To raise awareness of smoking's impact on endocrine health. Methods: The methodology was designed to assess both the functional and structural impacts of smoking on the thyroid gland. Participant Data Collection To inform the experimental design, data were collected from 100 participants using a structured questionnaire analyzed using spas experimental design. Results: The results of this study showed that all the people participating in the sample were between 18 and 67 years old. A large group of 34 individuals indicated that they consume between 11 and 20 cigarettes per day. The results were regarding the preferred times for smoking; most individuals agreed on all times. The preferred brand for most individuals was Oris with a percentage of 90%. The results showed that smoking has an effect on the functional activity of the thyroid gland in the bulbs mice. The result of the control group was a normal follicular structure with a healthy colloid content, which indicates that the thyroid gland is functioning properly. The results of the experimental group were the presence of significant histological changes and the appearance of mild to moderate follicles with a decrease in the size and number of thyroid follicles and is exposed to pressure and damage as a result of cigarette smoke. Conclusion:  A significant adverse effects cigarette smoking has been shown to have detrimental effects on thyroid health, impacting both its structure, function and histological changes. The study revealed notable histological alterations in the thyroid tissue of bulb mice exposed to cigarette smoke, including follicular atrophy, decreased colloid content, and increased inflammatory cell infiltration. The hormonal analysis indicated decreased levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, suggesting impaired thyroid function due to smoking. The findings highlight the need for increased awareness of the risks associated with smoking, particularly concerning endocrine health and thyroid dysfunction.