Medical Technology Journal of Applied Science
The Medical Technology Journal of Applied Science (MTJAS), ISSN ( 3080-4159), is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to advancing knowledge and innovation in the fields of medical technology and applied sciences. The journal serves as a platform for researchers, academics, practitioners, and industry professionals to share cutting-edge research, novel applications, and interdisciplinary approaches that bridge the gap between medical technology and real-world healthcare solutions.
The Quality Paradox in Medical Laboratories: High Pre-analytical Vigilance Masks Analytical Vulnerabilities in Libya
Background: Laboratory reliability is the cornerstone of clinical decision-making and patient safety. This study aimed to evaluate compliance with quality standards among medical laboratory practitioners and analyze the demographic and institutional factors influencing analytical performance. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design was employed, involving 186 practitioners (N=186). A validated survey instrument assessed compliance across pre-analytical and analytical phases. Advanced statistical tests, including Chi-square (X2) and Spearman’s correlation (rs), were applied to identify compliance predictors and systemic barriers. Results: The findings revealed a distinct "quality paradox." Practitioners demonstrated high compliance in pre-analytical protocols, with 88.7% for patient identification and 93.5% for sterile tool usage. Conversely, a significant analytical gap emerged, as only 41.9% consistently executed daily Internal Quality Control (IQC). Inferential analysis identified a strong, highly significant positive correlation between educational attainment and protocol adherence (p=0.009). Alarmingly, 61.3% of the cohort lacked formal training in the past year. Excessive workload (43.5%) and resource scarcity were identified as the primary institutional barriers. Conclusion: The study underscores that individual diligence cannot compensate for the lack of automated safeguards and institutionalized training. We advocate for a paradigm shift from manual surveillance to quality automation and the integration of mandatory Continuing Medical Education (CME) into professional licensure. Bridging the analytical gap requires structural reforms to ensure laboratory reliability remains independent of daily operational pressures.
Laboratory Quality, Patient Safety, Internal Quality Control (IQC), Pre-analytical Errors, Continuous Training, Lean Management
Copyright (c) 2026 Siraj Sobhi Hamad , Hawa Kamel Abo Dabos, Asma Amer, Abd Wanes Khaled Elkilane (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring Dietitians’ Views on Healthy Dietary-Pattern Counselling for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Tobruk, Libya: A Qualitative Study
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a growing public health challenge globally and in Libya, where increasing prevalence is associated with dietary behaviours, obesity, and lifestyle changes. Dietary-pattern counselling is a key component of diabetes management; however, limited evidence exists regarding how dietitians interpret and deliver such counselling within routine clinical practice in Libya. This study aimed to explore dietitians’ views and experiences of providing healthy dietary-pattern counselling for adults with T2DM in Tobruk, Libya. A qualitative descriptive design was adopted using semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 20 purposively selected dietitians and clinical nutritionists working in hospitals, primary healthcare centres, and private clinics. Interviews lasted approximately 30–45 minutes, were audio-recorded with participant consent, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three major themes emerged from the analysis. The first, Translating Dietary Knowledge into Practical Counselling, highlighted the importance of individualising dietary advice and simplifying complex nutritional guidance to improve patient understanding and feasibility. The second, Contextual Barriers and Influences on Counselling, identified cultural food practices, family expectations, limited consultation time, and restricted resources as important influences on counselling delivery. The third, Patient Engagement and Response to Dietary Advice, revealed persistent misconceptions, health-literacy challenges, and difficulties maintaining long-term dietary adherence. Collectively, the findings suggest that effective dietary counselling depends on balancing evidence-based recommendations with cultural, socioeconomic, and behavioural realities. The study provides context-specific evidence that may inform the development of culturally appropriate educational resources, professional training initiatives, and structured dietary-counselling pathways to strengthen diabetes care within Libyan healthcare settings
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Dietary counselling, Dietitians, Clinical nutritionists, Qualitative research, Libya
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Water Absorption of (Poly MethylMethacrylate) / Hydroxyapatite Denture Base Composite Material (Effect of Filler Loading)
Water absorption is the primary factor driving the degradation of dental polymers and resin-based composites in the oral environment. Water acts as a plasticiser and a solvent, causing hydrolytic degradation that leads to the weakening, softening, and long-term failure of restorations. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the water absorption of PMMA/HA composite as a function of different HA loadings. The water absorption test was carried out according to ISO 1567-2001 specifications. Water absorption of PMMA/HA composites was influenced by the filler content and the interfacial coupling between the HA and the PMMA matrix. Water absorption for all formulations generally increases with higher exposure time, reaching higher values in the first 7–14 days (faster absorption) and continuing to increase, albeit at a reduced, slower rate, between 14–28 days as the material approaches saturation. Within the limitations of the current study, it can be said that lower HA loadings provide better resistance to water-induced degradation than higher loadings, which may cause filler agglomeration and increased porosity.
Acrylic Denture Base, Hydroxyapatite, PMMA/HA, Water Absorption, Degradation
Measuring the Hardness of Three Different Types of Commercially Available Zirconia Blanks Applied to Dentistry
Problem Statement: The use of polycrystalline yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (3Y-TZP) in dental restorations has increased due to its exceptional properties. Among these characteristics is hardness, which provides durability to zirconia dental restorations under special conditions within the oral cavity. Aim: To investigate the hardness and density of pre-sintered and sintered different types of commercially available zirconia blanks applied to dentistry. Materials and Methods: Three different types of commercial zirconia blanks (HT4, 89HT, and A214) were designed and manufactured, followed by sintering at 1530 °C to achieve the final shape. The apparent density of the samples was determined after collecting pre-sintered and sintered samples. The shore D hardness test was conducted according to ASTM D2240. The mechanical properties are typically measured through indentation. For each group, three specimens were examined. Results: The results indicated that sintering temperature contributed to the densification of zirconia samples, with relative density values reaching up to 97.5%, 94.8%, and 93% of the theoretical density (6.1 g/cm3) for HT4, 89HT, and A214, respectively. An increase in the density of zirconia samples after the sintering process led to a significant rise in elastic modulus and hardness. The hardness values for HT4, 98HT, and A214 were 83 SHN, 83 SHN, and 80,17 SHN, respectively, while the elastic modulus values for the same samples were 12 MPa, 12 MPa, and 11.23 MPa, respectively. Conclusion: The density, elastic modulus, and hardness values of the tested commercial zirconia blanks exhibited no significant differences and successfully fulfilled the required criteria for dental applications.Dental Zirconia; Sintering; Hardness; Density; Elastic Modulus
Dental Zirconia; Sintering; Hardness; Density; Elastic Modulus
The Impact of Digital Manufacturing in Dentistry on Dental Technicians’ Jobs: A Case Study of Libyan Dental Laboratories
This study explores the global transition to digital manufacturing in dentistry, focusing on how CAD/CAM and 3D printing technologies are influencing Libya’s dental sector. Specifically, it investigates the impact of these technologies on the professional roles and job security of dental technicians. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 50 dental technicians across 15 laboratories in Libya through surveys and semi structured interviews, supplemented by case studies comparing traditional and digital workflows. The findings reveal significant barriers to adoption, including the high cost of equipment, limited access to specialized training, and resistance to change among traditionally trained technicians. This study concludes that the risk of job loss is not caused by the technology itself, but by the digital gap and the lack of formal training. Consequently, the survival of dental technicians in the evolving Libyan market depends on their ability to transition from manual crafters to digital specialists.
: Digital Manufacturing, CAD/CAM System, Libya Dental Sector, Dental Technicians, 3D Printing
The Role of Vitamin D in Lipid Metabolism Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Vitamin D, a fat-soluble prohormone, has established roles in bone homeostasis, but its extraskeletal functions, particularly in metabolic regulation, are of increasing interest. Observational studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease, yet the nature of these associations remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and key lipid profile markers in a large cohort. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on data from 1,007 individuals. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were analyzed. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationships between vitamin D and lipid parameters. Results: The study population (mean age 37.1 ± 14.4 years) was predominantly female (99.9%). The mean vitamin D level was 12.1 ± 7.8 ng/mL, indicating widespread deficiency. A statistically significant, moderate positive correlation was observed between vitamin D and triglyceride levels (Pearson's r = 0.468, p < .001; Spearman's ρ = 0.201, p = .004). In contrast, no statistically significant correlations were observed between vitamin D and total cholesterol (p = .091), LDL-C (p = .185), or HDL-C (p = .117). The dataset was characterized by a high percentage of missing values for lipid markers (79–89%). Conclusion: In this predominantly female cohort with prevalent vitamin D deficiency, higher vitamin D levels were associated with higher triglyceride levels—a finding that contrasts with several prior reports. The relationships with other lipid markers were not significant. Given the study's limitations, including significant data gaps and gender imbalance, these results should be interpreted as exploratory. Further research in more diverse and complete datasets is needed to clarify these associations.
Vitamin D, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Lipid Profile, Triglycerides, Dyslipidemia
Assessment of Awareness and Practices of Biomedical Waste Management Among Nursing Staff at Al-Wahda Hospital in Derna, Libya.
A healthcare worker that produces waste as part of their job is a 'waste producer'. Healthcare waste is of great importance due to its potential environmental hazards and public health risks. The objectives of this study were to assess the awareness and practices of staff nurses related to healthcare waste management at Al-Wahda Hospital in Derna, Libya. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to conduct the study. The study was carried out in January 2022 and comprised all nurses who were working in the study setting, with a total number of 93 nurses. Data were collected using a questionnaire and observational check. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS. The mean age of participants was 27.80 ± 7.97 years, and more than 55.4% of them had experienced five years or less. Only 30.4% of participants attended a training on medical waste management. The results revealed that the majority of nurses' staff have unsatisfactory awareness regarding healthcare waste management and have inadequate practices in most areas of waste management. The awareness and practices about HCW management among nurses' staff at Al-Wahda Hospital were found to be very poor. This could be because the majority of the respondents were not trained on ways of handling MW since the government does not provide experts to conduct those training programmes, like once per year or twice for HW, ensuring MW are well observed.
Waste Producer, Nurses, Health Care Wastes, Al-Wahda Hospital, Derna, Libya
Copyright (c) 2026 Saria M. Arhaim , Hafed Zaatout, Abdel- Malek A. Alshafei , Jadallah A. Al-Jarisi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Libyan Sidr Honey on Aspartame-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Adult Albino Rats A Histopathological Study
Aspartame (ASP) is a widely used artificial sweetener that may induce renal structural alterations following chronic exposure, potentially through oxidative stress–mediated mechanisms. Sidr honey is a natural antioxidant-rich product that may provide protective effects against chemically induced organ damage. In this study, thirty adult female albino rats were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 5): control, Libyan Sidr honey (LSH, 100 mg/kg/body weight/day), ASP (75 mg/kg/body weight/day), protective (LSH for two weeks followed by ASP for four weeks), and combination (LSH and ASP concurrently for four weeks). All treatments were administered orally. At the end of the experiment, serum urea, creatinine, calcium, and uric acid were analyzed, and kidney tissues were examined histologically using a semi-quantitative scoring system. ASP induced marked renal histopathological alterations, including glomerular shrinkage, tubular epithelial degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, and vascular congestion. However, no significant changes were observed in serum urea, creatinine, or uric acid levels (p > 0.05). A modest but significant reduction in serum calcium was detected in the combination group (p < 0.05). Both pretreatment and concurrent LSH administration significantly ameliorated ASP-induced renal damage and preserved normal renal architecture. These findings suggest that LSH may exert protective and therapeutic effects against ASP-induced nephrotoxicity.
Aspartame; Libyan Sidr Honey; Nephrotoxicity; Histopathology; Albino Rats
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadia A. Al-Shukri, Fathia M. Senossi, Hafedah N. Elsharef N. Elsharef, Hanan S. Elsharia, Osama M. El-barasi, Samah A. K. Abdallah, Rayya G. Alsultan, Noura A. A. Alhissade, Hala Y. M. Hassan, Mohammed A. Abusharya, Samia M. Efkeren, Sana A. A. Mohammed, Eda M. A. Alshailabi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Night Shift Work on Weight and Appetite Disturbances among Nurses: Health and Professional Implications
case–control study was conducted at Misurata Medical Center to examine the impact of night shift work on weight and appetite disturbances among nurses. The sample included 74 participants divided into a case group of night‑shift nurses (51) and a control group of day‑shift nurses (23). Data were collected through measurements of weight, height, and several health indicators including subcutaneous fat in the triceps region, periorbital dark circles, facial pallor, sleep disturbances, job satisfaction, mood fluctuations, and swelling of the hands and feet. Repeated Measures ANOVA was applied to assess weight changes between the first and second month, revealing a significant difference when each group was analyzed separately (p-value = 0.001), indicating that weight change patterns varied according to work schedule. Chi‑square analysis further demonstrated a statistically significant association between work period and weight loss, with 80.6% of night‑shift nurses losing weight compared to 13.6% of day‑shift nurses. Night work was also significantly associated with periorbital dark circles (75% vs. 27.3%), facial pallor (84.8% vs. 50%), and sleep disturbances (75% vs. 31.8%). Appetite loss was more prevalent among night‑shift nurses (88.2% vs. 17.4%), accompanied by higher rates of mood instability and reduced subcutaneous fat accumulation in the triceps region (84.6% vs. 22.7%). Overall, the findings confirm that night shift work is closely linked to weight fluctuations, appetite disturbances, and multiple adverse health indicators, underscoring the serious impact of night work on the physical and psychological health of nurses.
Associations Between Breast Cancer Stage, Surgical Treatment, and Adjuvant Therapy in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Descriptive Study from Al Bayda, Libya
Breast cancer (BC) management in low-resource settings faces unique challenges due to limited diagnostic capacity, infrastructural constraints, and restricted access to adjuvant therapies. This retrospective descriptive study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment patterns, and adjuvant therapy coverage among BC patients in Al Bayda, Libya, and to identify barriers affecting the delivery of standard care. Data were collected from 57 histopathologically confirmed BC patients treated between 2017 and 2019, including age, tumour stage, surgical intervention, and receipt of adjuvant therapy. Patients’ ages ranged from 33 to 75 years, with a notable predominance of relatively younger women. Most patients (68.4%) were diagnosed at an early stage. Despite this, simple mastectomy with axillary clearance remained the predominant surgical approach, performed in 87.7% of cases, including a substantial proportion of early-stage patients. Postoperative radiotherapy (RT) was not available locally, and patients were referred to other cities for treatment, often resulting in inconsistent documentation. Chemotherapy (CHT) was administered to 94.7% of patients, irrespective of stage. Cancer stage did not significantly influence surgical or CHT decisions, whereas surgical procedure type was significantly associated with the likelihood of receiving postoperative RT (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that structural limitations, rather than clinical stage alone, strongly influence treatment decisions in Al Bayda. Establishing a dedicated local RT centre would enhance access to breast-conserving surgery, reduce treatment burdens, and promote alignment with international standards.
Breast Cancer, Mastectomy, Radiotherapy Access, Al Bayda, Libya.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salma S. Alhasi, Muna S. Solyman, Manal F. Yaya, Eda M. A. Alshailabi, Monder W. Elhawari, Abeer H. Amer (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Smoking on the Thyroid Gland Tissue, an Experiment Study on Thyroid Gland Tissues on Bulbs Mice
Background: To investigate the harmful effects of cigarette smoking on thyroid tissue, focusing on both the functional and structural impacts. By examining data from human participants and utilizing an experimental model with bulb mice. Despite existing studies indicating a potential link between cigarette smoking and thyroid dysfunction, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the specific harmful effects of smoking on thyroid tissue. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the harmful effects of cigarette smoking on thyroid tissue. To investigate the histological effects of smoking on thyroid tissue. to analyze the relationship between the collected participant data (demographics, smoking habits) and the histological and hormonal findings in bulb mice. To raise awareness of smoking's impact on endocrine health. Methods: The methodology was designed to assess both the functional and structural impacts of smoking on the thyroid gland. Participant Data Collection To inform the experimental design, data were collected from 100 participants using a structured questionnaire analyzed using spas experimental design. Results: The results of this study showed that all the people participating in the sample were between 18 and 67 years old. A large group of 34 individuals indicated that they consume between 11 and 20 cigarettes per day. The results were regarding the preferred times for smoking; most individuals agreed on all times. The preferred brand for most individuals was Oris with a percentage of 90%. The results showed that smoking has an effect on the functional activity of the thyroid gland in the bulbs mice. The result of the control group was a normal follicular structure with a healthy colloid content, which indicates that the thyroid gland is functioning properly. The results of the experimental group were the presence of significant histological changes and the appearance of mild to moderate follicles with a decrease in the size and number of thyroid follicles and is exposed to pressure and damage as a result of cigarette smoke. Conclusion: A significant adverse effects cigarette smoking has been shown to have detrimental effects on thyroid health, impacting both its structure, function and histological changes. The study revealed notable histological alterations in the thyroid tissue of bulb mice exposed to cigarette smoke, including follicular atrophy, decreased colloid content, and increased inflammatory cell infiltration. The hormonal analysis indicated decreased levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, suggesting impaired thyroid function due to smoking. The findings highlight the need for increased awareness of the risks associated with smoking, particularly concerning endocrine health and thyroid dysfunction.
Cigarette Smoking, Thyroid Gland Tissues, Bulb Mice, Thyroid Hormones (T3 And T4) And Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
Paracetamol-Induced Splenic Toxicity and the Protective Role of Vitamin C in Albino Rats
Paracetamol (PCM) is widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic agent; however, overdose can result in systemic toxicity, primarily mediated through oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological effects of PCM on the spleen of albino rats and to assess the potential protective effect of vitamin C (VC) as an antioxidant. Twenty-eight albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, VC (500 mg/kg), PCM (500 mg/kg), PCM + VC co-treatment, and a prophylactic group receiving VC before PCM administration. Histological examination of the spleen revealed alterations in the PCM-only group, including lymphoid depletion in the white pulp and congestion in the red pulp. Co-administration of VC attenuated these changes, while pre-treatment with VC provided the greatest preservation of splenic architecture. These findings suggest a potential protective benefit of VC against PCM-induced oxidative damage in the spleen
Paracetamol, Spleen, Vitamin C, Albino rats, Histopathology.
Distribution pattern of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Radiological Risk in Grasses Samples in Al-Meshal, Libya.
Radioactivity can be found in different degrees in the environment, Terrestrial gamma radiation is one of the major outdoor radiation exposures to the general public, depending on the activity and concentration of the radionuclides being handled, the main concern being exposure to natural radioactivity doses and external exposure rate. This research presents a measurement of the natural radioactivity of Ra-226, U238-, Th232- and K40- for 8 grasses samples around one of the old weapons warehouses located in the Al-Meshal, Libya, using a sodium iodide (NaI) detector. The results showed that the concentration of radioactivity for 238U ranges from [(65.32±6.06) to (85.59±6.77)] Bq/Kg. The mean activities of 226Ra ranges from [(60.02±0.13) to (84.03±0.13)] Bq\Kg, for 232Th ranges from [(66.09±3.07) to (86.42±1.30)] Bq/Kg. For 40K ranges from [(424.42±14.78) to (484.49±18.24)] Bq/Kg, all samples were found to be slightly higher than the world average values 20 ,50, 15, and 420 Bqkg−1, respectively. for uranium, radium, thorium and potassium (UNSCEAR 2010). For Radiological risk (radium equivalent, internal and external hazard indices), it was found that these samples have lower or within the recommended limits internationally.
Radioactivity, Sodium Iodide (NaI) Detector, Radium Equivalent, Radiological Risk, External Hazard
A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Prognostic Value of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Libyan Women with Breast Cancer
Background: Cancer has emerged as one of the most pressing health challenges of the 21st century, surpassing many infectious and chronic diseases in its global impact. While multiple environmental, genetic, and lifestyle-related factors can contribute to cancer development, the efficiency of the immune system plays a pivotal role in preventing it. Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting women, representing a major challenge in early diagnosis and prognosis. Despite the remarkable advances achieved in diagnostic techniques, there remains a pressing need for simple, reliable, and cost-effective biomarkers that can enhance clinical assessment and support treatment decision-making. Objective: The aim of this study that the research seeks to analyze the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a simple and accessible biomarker that could be utilized in the clinical assessment of breast cancer patients. Methods: This study is a prospective descriptive investigation designed to raise awareness about cancers and their underlying causes, with a particular emphasis on immune-inflammatory markers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). The primary aim was to assess the predictive and diagnostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in cancer patients using real patient data. Results: The analysis revealed a high prevalence of elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (>3) across the sample. This elevation was particularly associated with advanced stages of cancer and with older age groups (>50 years). Patients younger than 30 years exhibited exclusively normal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values. These findings reinforce the prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a low-cost and clinically valuable biomarker. Conclusion: The present study evaluated the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in Libyan breast cancer patients. The findings demonstrated that the majority of patients (80%) had elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values (>3), with higher prevalence observed in advanced cancer stages and in older age groups. These results strongly support the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a biomarker of systemic inflammation and cancer progression.
Brest cancer, Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR).
Impact of Inadequate Vitamind D Status on Anemia in Pregnant Females
Vitamin D and iron deficiencies are two major global health concerns, particularly among pregnant women, where they may contribute to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and anemia in pregnant women in Derna, Libya. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 126 pregnant women aged 18–45 years. Serum levels of vitamin D, hemoglobin, and ferritin were measured and analyzed using SPSS. The findings revealed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, with 69% of participants exhibiting severe deficiency (<20 ng/mL). Anemia was also widespread, affecting 91.3% of the sample, while 38.1% had low ferritin levels. Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between vitamin D levels and both hemoglobin (r = 0.269, p = 0.002) and ferritin (r = 0.465, p = 0.001), suggesting that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to anemia by influencing iron homeostasis, possibly through hepcidin regulation and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The results emphasize the importance of assessing vitamin D status during pregnancy as part of routine care. Future longitudinal and interventional studies are recommended to confirm the causal relationship and evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on anemia management in pregnant populations.
Vitamin D deficiency, Anemia, Pregnancy, Ferritin, Hemoglobin, Hepcidin, Libya
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Improving Hemoglobin Among Pregnant Women
Hypovitaminosis D and iron deficiency anemia are prevalent global health concerns, particularly among pregnant women. Both conditions are associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. While vitamin D and iron are essential during pregnancy, the nature of their interaction remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on hemoglobin (Hb) levels and overall hematological status in pregnant women with mild to moderate iron deficiency anemia. An interventional study was conducted involving 50 pregnant women diagnosed with mild to moderate iron deficiency anemia. Participants received different forms of vitamin D supplementation over an average period of 24.62 ± 8.31 weeks. Serum levels of vitamin D, hemoglobin, and ferritin were measured both before and after treatment. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate associations between vitamin D and hematological markers, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.The mean age of participants was 33.38 ± 5.79 years. Vitamin D levels significantly improved following supplementation, increasing from a deficient baseline of 12.62 ± 5.80 ng/mL to 20.95 ± 7.24 ng/mL. Despite this improvement, no significant correlations were found between pre-treatment vitamin D levels and hemoglobin (r = 0.045, p = 0.757), or ferritin (r = 0.199, p = 0.165). Similarly, post-treatment values showed no significant association between vitamin D and ferritin (r = 0.068, p = 0.640), with only weak correlations observed for hemoglobin. In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation effectively raised vitamin D levels in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia, but showed no significant correlation with hemoglobin or ferritin levels. These findings suggest a more complex interaction between vitamin D and iron metabolism, highlighting the need for further research, including randomized controlled trials and assessment of other regulatory markers such as hepcidin.
The Effect of Planetary Ball Milling Technique on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Denture Base
Bioceramics have great potential in biomedical applications. In the current study, hydroxyapatite (HA) was used as reinforcing filler for poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) denture base material. The physical mixing of the powder components (PMMA and the filler) is strongly preferred to provide the required dispersion of the filler in the matrix. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of different mixing time using planetary ball milling technique (PBM) on the mechanical properties of PMMA/HA denture base composite. In this study, the powder components (PMMA and 15 wt% HA) was mixed for different times (i. e., 10, 20, 30 and 40 min) using PBM. The particles size and distribution of PMMA/HA mixtures as a function of different mixing times were studied using laser light scattering technique. The flexural and tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study both the powder mixtures and the fractured surface of the tested sample of PMMA/HA composite.
Particle size, PMMA/HA, planetary ball milling technique, Denture base materials, Mixing time
Dentists’ Preferences for Valplast versus Cobalt Chromium Removable Partial Dentures: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Derna and Al-Bayda, Libya
Background: Removable partial dentures (RPDs) remain a standard treatment for partially edentulous patients, with cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) frameworks historically regarded as the gold standard due to their strength, stability, and durability. However, flexible thermoplastic alternatives such as Valplast have gained increasing popularity, particularly in contexts where affordability and aesthetics strongly influence treatment decisions. The study was designed to investigate the reasons behind practitioners’ preference for Valplast over cobalt chromium in two Libyan cities, addressing a gap in local evidence on material choice. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the attitudes and awareness of dentists and dental technicians in Derna and Al-Bayda regarding the advantages, disadvantages, indications, and contraindications of Valplast and cobalt chromium RPDs. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted. A structured bilingual questionnaire containing 26 multiple-choice questions was distributed to 50 dentists and dental technicians, with 26 completed responses received (response rate 52%). The instrument explored participants’ previous experience, perceptions of clinical handling, material properties, fabrication difficulty, longevity, stability, and repairability. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: Flexible dentures were reported as widely used either alone (39%, n=10) or alongside cobalt chromium (46%, n=12), while no participant reported exclusive use of cobalt chromium. Ease of handling was strongly associated with flexible dentures (84%, n=22), and 77% (n=20) considered them less time consuming. Cost was a key factor, with 81% (n=21) regarding flexible dentures as less expensive. In contrast, cobalt chromium was overwhelmingly associated with longevity (96%, n=25) and stability (88%, n=23). Biocompatibility was also favoured for cobalt chromium (65%, n=17), while flexible dentures were recognised for superior retention (73%, n=19). Regarding fabrication, 85% (n=22) identified cobalt chromium as more difficult to produce, reflecting laboratory and technical challenges. Conclusion: The findings indicate that dentists in Derna and Al-Bayda prefer Valplast dentures for affordability, aesthetics, and ease of use, while cobalt chromium remains valued for longevity, repairability, and clinical performance in complex anatomical cases. Clinical decision-making in Libya is influenced by both material properties and socio-economic considerations, underlining the importance of balanced training and resource provision to support evidence-based prosthodontic practice.
Removable partial dentures, Cobalt chromium, Valplast, Flexible dentures, Dentist preferences, Libya.
Evaluation of Adherence to Radiation Safety Practices and Protection Protocols at the Radiology Departments in Derna City
The most important prospective challenges in radiation protection and safety protocols in radiology departments need to be revised and emphasized. This study assesses radiographers’ adherence to radiation protection practices in radiology departments within Derna city/ Libya. A cross-sectional study was conducted among radiographers; 70 self-administrated questionnaires were sent to the participants, only 58 radiographers generating a response of 82.8%. An analysis was conducted to determine participants’ adherence to radiation protection practices, including the implementation of personal protection, patient and environmental protection. The educational level of the radiographers, their years of experience and sociodemographic attributes were considered and compared. The percentage of radiographers’ adherence to practices related to environmental protection, patient protection and self-protection were 86.2 %, 74.1% and 60.2%, respectively. A highly significant positive relationship was identified between PPE usage and compliance (Spearman’s ρ = 0.522, p = 0.000). However, significant association was observed between training level and PPE usage (Spearman’s ρ = -0.041, p = 0.75). Also, an unexpected negative relationship was found between training level and compliance (Spearman’s ρ = -0.2760, p = 0.03). Most of radiographers’ practices proved relatively unsatisfactory in implementing radiation protection protocols. Thus, proactive measures and corrective actions are necessary to develop radiographers’ awareness of international standards of accurate radiation protection practices.
Radiation Protection, Safety protocols, Radiographers, Radiation practices.
Evaluating the Radiopacity Characteristic of Removable Denture Bases in Diagnostic Imaging with the Addition of Iodine to Heat-Cured Acrylic Resin
Abstract Problem Statement: Acrylic removable dentures are difficult to diagnose and differentiate using conventional radiological techniques (such as X-rays) due to the material's low radiodensity, making it difficult to detect in cases of ingestion or tissue loss. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of adding iodine compounds to heat-cured acrylic at various concentrations to improve its radioactivity, potentially facilitating detection in diagnostic imaging. Materials and Methods: This study used conventional heat-cured acrylic and an iodine solution. Twenty-five acrylic resin samples were prepared, including five control samples (without additives) and 20 samples modified with iodine, five samples for each concentration (1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0% by weight). The radiopacity of the samples was evaluated after exposure to radiation using a diagnostic X-ray machine. The radiographs of the samples were then examined using ImageJ/1.46r software. A hardness test was also performed on the samples, with three readings taken for each sample and the average calculated. Results: The results showed no significant change in the radiographic properties of the acrylic. This may be due to the low iodine concentration and the low percentage of acrylic added. The lack of impact on hardness indicates that the additive did not affect the acrylic polymerization process. However, adding the iodine solution improved opacity by over 25%. Conclusion: Improving dentures to be more radioactive depends primarily on the quantities and concentrations of the additives, especially if they are liquid. This may facilitate diagnosis in emergency cases and reduce complications resulting from the inability to locate them.
Dentures, Acrylic resin, Iodine, Radiopacity
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulsalam Ahmed Elmadani, Nidal Wanis Elshereksi , Nagham Ibrahim Ali, Sharefah Hussin Abdulsalam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Correlation of Insulin Resistance with Vitamin D, Ferritin, and TSH Levels
Insulin resistance (IR) is a key component of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and three biochemical markers: vitamin D, ferritin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). 67 participants (39 females, 28 males) were assessed from Misrata, Libya. Insulin resistance was estimated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). The study found a high prevalence of significant insulin resistance among participants, particularly among females. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation between TSH and HOMA-IR and a negative correlation between vitamin D and HOMA-IR, while no significant associations were observed with ferritin or age. The findings highlight the potential role of vitamin D deficiency and thyroid function in insulin resistance. These results support the importance of including vitamin D and TSH screening in routine metabolic assessments, especially for populations at risk.
Insulin Resistance, Vitamin D, Ferritin, TSH.
Copyright (c) 2025 Noura Madi , Ali Elassawi , Ezelarab Ahwedg (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence of Dental Caries Among Libyan Children Aged from 6-12 in Derna City and Peripheral Area.
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the DMFT/dmft index among school-aged children who are in the mixed dentition period. Material and Methods: A total of 300 children, aged between 6 and 12 years, were randomly selected through school visits. Each participant underwent an intraoral examination conducted by dental hygienists, with emphasis on recording the DMFT/dmft index, which reflects the number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth due to dental caries. Their oral health status and required treatments were documented. Result: The prevalence of dental caries varied from 17% to 59% among the children for DMFT and dmft indices, respectively. Of the 300 children, 129 (43%) were boys and 171 (57%) were girls, with an average age of 8.45 ± 1.94 years. The mean DMFT index was 0.45 ± 1.08, suggesting a low rate of dental caries, while the dmft index averaged 7.39 ± 6.11, indicating a high occurrence of dental caries. Conclusion: Dental caries in children with mixed dentition ranged widely from very low to extremely high, with higher prevalence observed in those aged between 9 and 12 years.
Dental Caries, DMFT Index, Mixed Dentition, School-Aged Children, Prevalence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ashraf S Elzer, Wahib A Dallal, Yahya A Elzarug, Nouriyah H Faraj, Saji W Ateeyah, Fatimah R Abraheem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dose Propofol Cause Hemodynamic Instability in Al-wahada Hospital in Derna City
Background: The adverse hemodynamic effects of the intravenous anesthetic propofol are well known, yet few empirical models have explored the dose–response relationship. Evidence suggests that hypotension during general anesthesia is associated with postoperative mortality. We developed a mechanism-based model that quantitatively characterizes the magnitude of propofol-induced hemodynamic effects during general anesthesia. Materials &method: The descriptive prospective study of 30 critically ill patients who admitted to OT under general anesthesia in AL-wahada hospital {surgical department} under monitoring hemodynamic of propofol injection to the patients pre, intra & post operations in Derna city. Data were collected from March 2024 until June 2024.The result: this study demonstrated that about 48% of the patients had changed in pulse rate &Bp range & HR showed statistically significant difference in time. Conclusion: Propofol had a hemodynamic instability during intra and post operation as an induction agent, however time for recovery in propofol group took a shorter period, with no complication during the inductions.
Hemodynamic Stability, Laparoscopic Surgeries, Postoperative Recovery, Propofol
Copyright (c) 2025 Fawzia. A. G. Arhaiam, Khled. O. ELmesmari, Amina. F. Adm, Haneen. F. Mohammed, Fouze. O. Shaebe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of General Anesthesia Versus Spinal Anesthesia on Blood Glucose Concentration in Non-Diabetic Patients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section
Surgical procedures induce a physiological stress response, leading to increased secretion of catabolic hormones and a rise in blood glucose concentration. The type of anesthesia used may influence this response, impacting perioperative glucose regulation. This study aims to compare the effects of general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA) on blood glucose levels in non-diabetic patients undergoing elective cesarean section. A prospective comparative study was conducted at Al Wahda Hospital, Derna, including 40 non-diabetic women scheduled for elective cesarean section. Patients were divided into two groups: GA (n=20) and SA (n=20). Blood glucose concentrations were measured at four time points: before induction (T1), after induction (T2), before the end of surgery (T3), and 30 minutes postoperatively (T4). Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA. Blood glucose levels increased significantly in both groups during surgery. However, the rise was more pronounced in the GA group compared to the SA group (p < 0.05). The difference became more evident at T3 and T4, where GA patients exhibited a significantly higher glucose concentration than those in the SA group. General anesthesia is associated with a greater increase in blood glucose concentration compared to spinal anesthesia in non-diabetic patients undergoing elective cesarean section. This suggests that spinal anesthesia may be a preferable option for better perioperative glucose control, potentially reducing the risk of complications related to hyperglycemia. Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to validate these findings.
General anesthesia, Spinal anesthesia, Blood glucose, Cesarean section, Stress response
Level of Health Awareness among Administrative Staff at Derna College of Medical Technology
Health and education are two interconnected components that help leaners understand health phenomena and explore the causes of diseases and preventive measures. The curent study aimed to detarmine the level of health awarness among administrative staff at Derna College of Medical Technology, in Libya, as well as to identify sources of health information. The study desgin was cross-sectional. In December 2024, information was collected using a self-administrated questionnaire. Thirty employees were randomly selected to form the sample. Participants in the study sample were asked to express their responses to 55 statements distributed across five domains using a three-point Likert scale after completing their initial data. After statistical analysis of the data, the study results showed that the level of health awareness among college administrators is low and that awareness varies by gender. According to the study results, the actual transformation of health-related knowledge, facts and experiences by college administrators into behavioral pattrens that impact their entire lifystyle is known as health awareness. Therefore, one of the most important ways to raise their health awareness is to provide them with ongoing guidance and asistence.
Awareness Level, Health Information, Administrative Staff, Derna College of Medical Technology
Copyright (c) 2025 Hafed Zaatout, Manal Saad Bouhlala, Isra Abdul-Wahab Zaatout, Aisha Abdul- Wanees Abdul-Atti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) on Some Antioxidant Enzymes in Male Rabbits
This study aimed to investigate the effect of an aqueous extract of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on some anti-oxidant enzymes in male Rabbits that were allocated into three groups, Rabbits that were randomly distributed into three groups (five Rabbits/group) control group and given distilled water orally daily, Rabbits were given 100 mg/kg aqueous extract Zingiber Officinale in 2ml distilled water orally daily. Rabbits were given 200mg/kg aqueous extract of Zingiber Officinale in 2ml of distilled water orally daily. Administration of an aqueous extract of Zingiber Officinale at doses of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg to the animals resulted in a significant increase in CAT, GPx and SOD when compare with the control group
CAT Catalase 1, GPx Glutathione Peroxidase 2, SOD Superoxide Dismutase
Copyright (c) 2025 Ameerah Emran Asmaeil, Youssef= Youssef.Khalifa@omu.edu.ly (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Cross-Sectional Survey of Libyan Parents' Attitudes and Knowledge Regarding Their Children's Exposure to Dental X-Ray in Derna City
In clinical examination, dental X-rays provide critical information on tooth development and eruption, as well as the detection of initial caries, and pulpal and periapical lesions. This study aimed to assess parents' attitudes, behaviours, and knowledge regarding their children's exposure to dental X-rays. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey using face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire was conducted from July to October 2024. The study population included all parents with children attending public and private primary and KG1&KG2 schools located in Derna City, Libya. Result: The study included parents of 125 children in total, of whom 85 (68%) were male and 40 (32%) were female, completed the face-to-face interview and answered all constructed questionnaires, given the participation rate of 100%. The mean age of the parents is 43.77 ± 9.4 years ranging from 28-71 years. The age group ≥40 years of parent were the most frequent 72(57.6%). The study found that parents had a negative attitude and behaviour towards their children's exposure to dental X-rays (7.32±2.44, 3.98±1.26). Furthermore, the total mean score for parent knowledge (22.29±5.39) indicates that study parents have a poor understanding of the risks and benefits of their children's exposure to dental X-rays. Conclusion: In summary, parents had poor attitudes, behaviour, and knowledge regarding their kids' exposure to dental X-rays. Parents' motivations throughout their children's dental care should be understood and openly discussed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adnan A Farag ELgadaime, Ashraf Saad Elzer, Fouad Faitory Alejaily (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0